Markdown Là Gì? Giải thích Đầy đủ về Ngôn ngữ Đánh dấu Nhẹ
Quick Answer
Markdown là ngôn ngữ markup plain text dùng ký hiệu đơn giản: # cho heading, ** cho bold, * cho italic, - cho list, [text](url) cho link. Nó được thiết kế để đọc được as plain text và chuyển đổi được sang HTML. Dùng Markdown to HTML Converter miễn phí.
Introduction
Markdown là ngôn ngữ markup nhẹ tạo bởi John Gruber năm 2004 dùng định dạng plain text để tạo tài liệu cấu trúc. Mục tiêu là khả năng đọc —văn bản nguồn Markdown nên trông như cái nó đại diện, không có lộn xộn thị giác của HTML tag. Markdown là chuẩn cho tệp README trên GitHub, site tài liệu, blog post và ứng dụng note như Obsidian và Notion.
Step by Step
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Learn the basic syntax
Headings: # H1, ## H2, ### H3. Bold: **text**. Italic: *text*. Lists: - item or 1. item. Links: [text](url). Images: . Code: `inline` or ```block```. Blockquotes: > quote. Horizontal rule: ---.
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Understand the philosophy
Markdown is designed to be readable as plain text. The source should look close to the final rendered output — **bold** looks like bold, # Heading looks like a heading. This contrasts with HTML, where <strong>bold</strong> and <h1>Heading</h1> are visually cluttered.
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Learn the variants
Original Markdown (Gruber's spec) is minimal. CommonMark is a standardized, well-specified version. GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM) adds tables, strikethrough, task lists, and autolinks. MDX lets you embed React components in Markdown. Most tools support GFM.
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Convert Markdown to HTML
Markdown is converted to HTML for web publishing. # Hello becomes <h1>Hello</h1>, **bold** becomes <strong>bold</strong>. Static site generators (Astro, Hugo, Jekyll) convert Markdown at build time. Use our Markdown to HTML Converter for instant conversion.
Examples
Heading and paragraph
Input: # Title
A paragraph.
Output: <h1>Title</h1>
<p>A paragraph.</p>
Bold and italic
Input: **bold** and *italic*
Output: <strong>bold</strong> and <em>italic</em>
Link and image
Input: [text](https://example.com) and 
Output: <a href="https://example.com">text</a> and <img src="image.png" alt="alt">
Common Problems
- Line breaks —a single newline in Markdown does not create a line break in HTML. Use two spaces at the end of a line, or two newlines for a paragraph break.
- Nested lists —indentation matters. Use 2 or 4 spaces consistently for nested items; mixing them can break the list structure.
- Raw HTML —most Markdown parsers pass through raw HTML, but some sanitize it. Check your parser's behavior if you embed HTML directly.
- Different flavors —Original Markdown, CommonMark, and GFM have subtle differences. Check which flavor your target platform supports.
Tips
- Use Markdown for writing and documentation —it is much easier to read and write than HTML.
- GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM) is the most common variant —it adds tables, strikethrough, and task lists.
- Write in Markdown and convert to HTML at build time for blogs and documentation sites.
- Use our Markdown to HTML Converter to render Markdown instantly in your browser.