DNS Records Explained: A Complete Beginner #x27;s Guide
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Network request requiredDNS Records Explained — A Complete Beginner's Guide
DNS (Domain Name System) is the phonebook of the Internet. When you type a domain, DNS records tell browsers and mail servers where to find it. Below are the 10 most common record types you'll encounter.
A Address (IPv4)
Maps a hostname to an IPv4 address. The most fundamental record — it tells resolvers where your domain lives on the IPv4 Internet.
Fields: Name: host (e.g. @, www) · TTL: cache time in seconds · Value: IPv4 address (e.g. 192.0.2.1)
example.com. 3600 IN A 192.0.2.1
AAAA Address (IPv6)
Maps a hostname to an IPv6 address. The IPv6 equivalent of an A record — needed for reachability on modern networks.
Fields: Name: host · TTL: seconds · Value: IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::1)
example.com. 3600 IN AAAA 2001:db8::1
CNAME Canonical Name
Aliases one hostname to another. Commonly used to point www to the apex domain or to a third-party service (e.g. CDN).
Fields: Name: alias host · TTL: seconds · Value: target hostname
www.example.com. 3600 IN CNAME example.com.
MX Mail Exchange
Directs email to the mail server responsible for a domain. Includes a preference value for ordering multiple servers.
Fields: Name: domain · TTL: seconds · Preference: lower = higher priority · Value: mail server hostname
example.com. 3600 IN MX 10 mail.example.com.
TXT Text
Arbitrary text up to 255 chars per string. Used for SPF, DKIM, DMARC, domain verification, and other metadata.
Fields: Name: host · TTL: seconds · Value: text string(s)
example.com. 3600 IN TXT "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com -all"
NS Name Server
Delegates a zone to authoritative name servers. Listed at the registrar and at the parent zone.
Fields: Name: zone · TTL: seconds · Value: nameserver hostname
example.com. 86400 IN NS ns1.example.com.
SOA Start of Authority
Defines the zone's authoritative metadata: primary nameserver, admin email, serial, refresh, retry, expire, and minimum TTL.
Fields: MNAME: primary nameserver · RNAME: admin email (dot-separated) · Serial, Refresh, Retry, Expire, Minimum
example.com. 3600 IN SOA ns1.example.com. admin.example.com. 2026010101 7200 3600 1209600 3600
PTR Pointer (reverse DNS)
Maps an IP address back to a hostname — the reverse of A/AAAA. Used in reverse DNS lookups (in-addr.arpa / ip6.arpa).
Fields: Name: reversed IP .in-addr.arpa · TTL: seconds · Value: hostname
1.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. 3600 IN PTR example.com.
CAA Certification Authority Authorization
Restricts which CAs are allowed to issue certificates for the domain. A security best practice to prevent mis-issuance.
Fields: Name: host · TTL: seconds · Flags: 0 (issue) / 128 (issuewild) · Tag: "issue" / "issuewild" / "iodef" · Value: CA domain
example.com. 3600 IN CAA 0 issue "letsencrypt.org"
SRV Service
Defines the location (host + port) of a service. Used by XMPP, SIP, Active Directory, and other service-discovery protocols.
Fields: Name: _service._protocol.domain · TTL: seconds · Priority, Weight, Port, Target
_sip._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 10 60 5060 sip.example.com.
Live DNS lookup
Queries happen directly from your browser via DNS-over-HTTPS (Cloudflare 1.1.1.1). No server-side proxy is involved.
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